[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/uz-300-let-se-v-cechach-jezdi-vytahem\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/uz-300-let-se-v-cechach-jezdi-vytahem\/","headline":"U\u017e 300 let se v \u010cech\u00e1ch jezd\u00ed v\u00fdtahem","name":"U\u017e 300 let se v \u010cech\u00e1ch jezd\u00ed v\u00fdtahem","description":"V\u00fdtah neboli zdvi\u017e nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho. V\u017edy\u0165 prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky o existenci funk\u010dn\u00edho zdvihac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e kolem roku dv\u011b […]","datePublished":"2019-12-03","dateModified":"2023-05-24","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f14f9548cfce1bfc4b3267434069a757db9568e455121a8852ede019c83b3b5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f14f9548cfce1bfc4b3267434069a757db9568e455121a8852ede019c83b3b5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"kdyakam.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364464_w4182_t1577271162.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364464_w4182_t1577271162.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/uz-300-let-se-v-cechach-jezdi-vytahem\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":557,"articleBody":"V\u00fdtah neboli zdvi\u017e nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho. V\u017edy\u0165 prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky o existenci funk\u010dn\u00edho zdvihac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e kolem roku dv\u011b st\u011b \u010dty\u0159icet p\u0159ed Kristem. Tehdy p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fj funk\u010dn\u00ed model \u0159eck\u00fd matematik, fyzik a vyn\u00e1lezce Archim\u00e9des ze Syrakus.Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee jak\u00e1koliv snaha vyvinout za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161\u00ed pohyb ve v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch, se tehdy t\u00fdkala panovn\u00edk\u016f a vl\u00e1dc\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b vznosn\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce byli, krom\u011b c\u00edrkevn\u00edch chr\u00e1m\u016f, jedin\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi budovami.\u00a0Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zdvi\u017e u n\u00e1s\u00a0K\u00a0pohonu v\u00fdtah\u016f byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na lidsk\u00e1 i zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed s\u00edla, pozd\u011bji bylo u\u017eito protiz\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed ve form\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee s\u00a0vodou. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento syst\u00e9m se dodnes zachoval i u n\u00e1s na z\u00e1mku Z\u00e1kupy. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdtah v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch si zde nechala v\u00a0roce 1718 postavit velkov\u00e9vodkyn\u011b Anna Maria Franti\u0161ka Tosk\u00e1nsk\u00e1. V\u00a0roce 1847 byl z\u00e1mek zrekonstruov\u00e1n, ale kabina i d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 \u0161achta z\u016fstaly v\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edm stavu. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se zachovali i mechanick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a signalizace.\u00a0\tZaj\u00edmavosti:\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vyn\u00e1lezce Elisha Otis p\u0159edstavil v\u00a0roce 1853 prvn\u00ed v\u00fdtah chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd proti p\u00e1du kabiny bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pojistkou. Jeho stejnojmenn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 firma existuje dodnes.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u011bmeck\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce a pr\u016fmysln\u00edk Werner von Siemens sestrojil prvn\u00ed elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdtah. Stalo se tak v\u00a0roce 1880\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdtah v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd byl ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtek, byl postaven v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9m hotelu Modr\u00e1 hv\u011bzda. Do t\u00e9 doby se kabiny ovl\u00e1daly pomoc\u00ed p\u00e1ky.\u00a0Dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 druhy:\u00a0Osobn\u00ed\u2013 slou\u017e\u00ed pro p\u0159epravu osob v\u00a0obytn\u00fdch a kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch. Za posledn\u00edch sto let pro\u0161el \u0159adou \u00faprav a modernizac\u00ed. Dnes se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dvoudve\u0159ov\u00e1 kabina s\u00a0modulem, kter\u00fd si pamatuje po\u0159ad\u00ed stisku tla\u010d\u00edtek. D\u0159\u00edve byl velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho v\u00fdtahu. Tzv. p\u00e1ternoster funguje dodnes v\u00a0n\u011bkolika pra\u017esk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch.N\u00e1kladn\u00ed\u2013 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159eprav\u011b n\u00e1kladu. Oproti osobn\u00edmu v\u00fdtahu m\u00e1 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nosnost, nem\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed dve\u0159e a z\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f (pohyb n\u00e1kladu) se vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dve\u0159e neotev\u00edraj\u00ed automaticky.Lodn\u00ed v\u00fdtah\u2013 u vojensk\u00fdch letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0p\u0159eprav\u011b letadel do jednotliv\u00fdch k\u00f3j\u00ed.\u00a0D\u016fln\u00ed v\u00fdtah\u2013 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159eprav\u011b lid\u00ed a materi\u00e1lu v\u00a0d\u016fln\u00edch \u0161acht\u00e1ch. Jde o bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m, proto\u017ee v\u00fd\u0161ka \u0161achty b\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e n\u011bkolik stovek metr\u016f a mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu je n\u011bkolik tun. Proto jsou v\u00a0hnac\u00edm syst\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny velmi v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 elektromotory.Automobilov\u00fd v\u00fdtah\u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch podzemn\u00edch gar\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. Modern\u00ed typy um\u00ed sami automobil dopravit do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. \u0158idi\u010d tak pouze najede na horn\u00ed rampu, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edmo na ulici, vystoup\u00ed z\u00a0auta a auto automaticky sjede dol\u016f, kde jej horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed pohon doprav\u00ed na parkovac\u00ed m\u00edsto.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.8\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"U\u017e 300 let se v \u010cech\u00e1ch jezd\u00ed v\u00fdtahem","item":"https:\/\/www.kdyakam.cz\/uz-300-let-se-v-cechach-jezdi-vytahem\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]